Past Perfect Simple

Definition :

The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past.

Form of Past Perfect Simple:

	Positive	Negative	Question
no differences	I had spoken.	I had not spoken.	Had I spoken?

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed:

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed	Example
after final e, only add d	love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled	admit – admitted travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i	hurry – hurried

Use of Past Perfect :

action taking place before a certain time in the past

Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.

Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past)

Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.

Signal Words  :

already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
If-Satz Typ III (If I had talked, …)